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Among various steel materials for CNC machining, S45C is a widely used carbon steel with good properties and machinability. This guide explores everything you should know about S45C steel, including its equivalent grades, chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance. Additionally, we delve into its weldability, machinability, and heat treatment processes. We also provide detailed comparisons between S45C steel and other grades like SS400 and S50C What Is S45C Material? S45C is a medium-carbon steel grade under the JIS G4051 standard,......

Cutting metal and other materials is a fundamental part of fabrication, construction, and manufacturing — but not all cutting tools work the same way. Among the most widely used methods today are plasma cutters, laser cutters, and torches, each with its own strengths, limitations, and ideal applications. In this article, we’ll explain what each tool is, how it works, and highlight the key differences between them. What is Plasma Cutter? A plasma cutter is a tool used to cut through electrically conductive materials such as steel, aluminum, brass, copper, and stainless steel using ......

In mechanical design, making the right choices for bolt sizing, selection, and application is key for both safety and efficiency. Often, experienced engineers rely on thumb rules and practical experience for everyday applications. However, in situations where safety or dynamic loads are involved, precise bolt sizing calculations become necessary. This article provides a comprehensive overview of bolt preload, tension and shear load, bolt grades, and the calculation methods for bolt sizing, as well as practical thumb rules used in industry. When to Calculate Bolt Size Most design e......

When building or fixing things with screws and bolts, it’s very important to make the correct holes for the screws or bolts to fit properly. Clearance holes help screws and bolts fit through parts easily and securely without damaging the materials. Using the right type and size of hole ensures that the parts are tightly joined, safe, and strong. In this article, we’ll explain what clearance holes are, how they differ from other types of holes like tapped holes and pilot holes, and how to calculate and find the right diameter using formulas and metric/imperial bolt clearance hole charts.......

When it comes to versatile metals, brass, copper, and bronze are three of the most widely used materials in industries ranging from construction and plumbing to art, electrical engineering, and marine applications. In this guide, we’ll break down the key differences between brass, copper, and bronze, exploring how their compositions, mechanical properties, applications, and costs influence where and why they are used. What is Brass? Brass is a versatile metal alloy primarily made from copper and zinc, with the proportions of each element varying to create different properties such......

Steel is present in nearly every aspect of modern life, from infrastructure, vehicles, and appliances to advanced technology and aerospace. It stands as one of the world’s most widely used engineering materials. However, not all steels are identical; their compositions and intended applications vary greatly. Selecting the appropriate steel type and grade is a vital decision for any engineering or manufacturing project. What is Steel? Steel is an alloy, which means it is made from a mixture of elements rather than a single element. The base element in steel is iron, while other ......

UNC and UNF are both threads defined in the Unified Thread Standard to specify their tolerances and designations. What are the differences between UNC and UNF threads, and which one to use? This article will focus on their definition, uses, differences, standard, and dimensions chart. What Is a UNC Thread? UNC stands for Unified National Coarse thread, a standardized thread form under the Unified Thread Standard (UTS) developed primarily in the United States. UNC threads are characterized by a coarse pitch, meaning they have relatively fewer threads per inch (TPI) compared to f......

In modern CNC machining, G-codes and M-codes form the backbone of programming instructions that control how a machine operates. Whether you’re using a milling machine, turning center, or multitasking CNC, mastering these codes is essential for precision manufacturing. Among various CNC control systems, Fanuc is one of the most widely used in industries worldwide. This article provides an in-depth look at Fanuc G codes, their applications, and where you can find a complete G code list, Fanuc M code list, and Fanuc lathe M codes for efficient programming. What Are Fanuc G Cod......